Congressional control of tariffs and trade powers

Emergency tariff powers and termination votes

Whether presidents may use emergency laws or national emergency declarations to impose tariffs, and whether Congress should end specific tariff emergencies for global, Canada, Brazil, or India tariffs.

Requiring Congress to approve presidential tariffs

Whether presidents should need Congress to approve new or higher tariffs, quotas, or trade-benefit changes before they take effect, especially for allies, free-trade partners, or major buyers of U.S. farm products.

Reciprocal tariffs and foreign trade barriers

Whether presidents should be able to raise U.S. tariffs to match foreign tariffs or non-tariff barriers, negotiate lower barriers, and keep or extend reciprocal tariff authority.

Congressional procedures for tariff votes

Whether members can force timely votes on tariff approval, disapproval, or cancellation resolutions, and how narrow or fast those votes should be.

Preserving trade-enforcement exceptions

Whether reforms that require congressional approval should leave antidumping duties, countervailing duties, safeguard actions, and trade-dispute duties outside the new approval vote.

China tariff policy and presidential China import tools

Whether Congress should change China’s tariff treatment, set higher minimum tariffs, end duty-free small packages, compensate U.S. producers hurt by retaliation, and allow the President to raise, quota, or ban certain Chinese imports.

Repealing Section 122 temporary import-surcharge authority

Whether Congress should remove the President’s Section 122 power to impose temporary import charges or limits during serious balance-of-payments problems.

Tariff refunds after unlawful emergency tariffs

Whether importers should receive refunds, interest, quick payment, small-business priority, and clearer customs procedures when emergency tariffs are invalidated or found unlawful.

Congress directly setting pollution-based import fees

Whether Congress should create a pollution-based fee on imported industrial goods, set the fee design in statute, and delegate technical implementation to agencies.

Medical supply trade agreements and congressional review

Whether the President should be able to make trusted-country trade deals for medicines, devices, and medical supply chains, while notifying Congress, consulting committees, and allowing review before agreements start.

Studying tariff price effects

Whether Congress should require trade experts to study how recent presidential tariffs affect prices in urban and rural communities without automatically changing tariff policy.