HR1 keeps tax cuts, cuts or rewrites benefits, and boosts border and defense spending
Officially: An act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of H. Con. Res. 14.
Taxes would stay lower for many people, and some workers would get new temporary tax breaks. The bill also tightens rules for Medicaid, SNAP, and some immigration programs, cuts back clean-energy support, and sends much more money to defense and border enforcement.
Where it stands
Signed into law
This bill is now law. You can still tell your representatives how you feel about their vote.
- Most of the 2017 individual tax cuts would stay in place for good. They would no longer expire after 2025.
- The bill creates temporary tax breaks for reported tips, overtime pay, and some car-loan interest. It also expands who can use some tax breaks for children, education, housing, and small businesses.
- The state and local tax deduction cap would change. The dollar cap goes up, but higher-income households would lose part of that benefit as income rises.
↓ Why your message matters here
This bill is now law — but your representatives still need to know where their constituents stand, especially when similar issues come up next.
The debate
What people are saying about this bill
- Agricultural Stability: Extending support programs for farmers provides them with predictability and protection against market fluctuations.
- Tax Relief for Businesses: Lowering the BEAT rate and adjusting charitable contribution rules reduces tax burdens on corporations, potentially spurring economic growth.
- Rural Investment: Changes in conservation funding and protections for rural hospitals support economic development in rural areas.
- Deficit Concerns: The projected $2.8 trillion increase in the deficit by 2034 is seen as unsustainable by critics, who worry about long-term fiscal health.
- SNAP Benefit Reductions: Stricter work requirements and changes to benefit calculations could reduce assistance for vulnerable populations.
- Healthcare Access: Modifications to Medicaid and tax credits might limit healthcare access for certain groups, particularly immigrants.
Where this bill is in the process
Legislative timeline
Introduced
Introduced in House
House Committee
Under House committee consideration
House Floor Vote
Voted on by House
Passed House
Approved by House
Senate Review
Sent to Senate for consideration
Passed Both Chambers
Approved by both House and Senate
Signed into Law
Signed by the President
Latest: Became Public Law No: 119-21. (7/4/2025)
For more detail