Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026

This bill is a full reauthorization of major federal farm and food programs. It extends crop price support, dairy, and disaster programs; updates aid to specialty crop, tree, and livestock producers; and creates options like block grants to states for certain disaster losses. It adjusts crop insurance rules and farm loan programs, including for beginning and veteran farmers, and maintains support for storage facilities and supply-chain loans. The bill continues and expands conservation programs such as the Conservation Reserve Program, Environmental Quality Incentives Program, and Conservation Stewardship Program through 2031. It adds new support for precision agriculture technology, wildlife habitat connectivity, soil health grants to states and Tribes, watershed and flood-control work, feral swine control, and emergency conservation tools for disasters and wildfires. It also continues forestry programs for wildfire mitigation, forest restoration, and timber innovation. Trade and food aid programs are updated, including Food for Peace and other export promotion and international food-security efforts. Nutrition programs like SNAP and food distribution programs on Indian reservations are revised for administration, security, error reporting, and pilot projects, and school food rules are adjusted to allow whole milk at breakfast and support more fresh produce and Buy American rules. The bill continues and revises agricultural research, education, and extension programs at land‑grant and minority‑serving institutions and establishes or extends several grant and innovation efforts. The bill authorizes rural development investments in broadband, water and wastewater systems, health care, childcare, rural energy savings, precision agriculture, and rural business support. It extends bioenergy and biobased energy programs, defines “qualified renewable biomass” and treats certain biomass as a renewable, low- or zero-carbon energy source for USDA actions, and limits USDA funding for some ground‑mounted solar on farmland. It updates animal health and inspection programs, supports more meat processing capacity, adds pet welfare and shelter-related provisions, and funds cost‑share grants to put rollover protection structures on farm tractors. The bill also adds a national-security-focused subtitle on foreign ownership and control of U.S. agricultural land. It requires annual reports on risks from land purchases by certain foreign persons, creates a digitized public database of foreign agricultural land holdings, strengthens investigative actions and enforcement under the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act, and gives the Secretary of Agriculture a defined role in CFIUS reviews of some agricultural transactions. It creates studies and commissions on farm transitions, drought, water deliveries from Mexico in the Rio Grande Valley, land access and heirs’ property, and various reports to Congress across many USDA areas.